Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Stalter RM[original query] |
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Lessons learned from public health and state prison collaborations during COVID-19 pandemic and multifacility tuberculosis outbreak, Washington, USA
Gurrey SO , Strick LB , Dov LK , Miller JS , Pecha M , Stalter RM , Miller DL , Marshall B , Salazar AP , Newman LP . Emerg Infect Dis 2024 30 (13) S17-s20 The large COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons in the Washington (USA) State Department of Corrections (WADOC) system during 2020 highlighted the need for a new public health approach to prevent and control COVID-19 transmission in the system's 12 facilities. WADOC and the Washington State Department of Health (WADOH) responded by strengthening partnerships through dedicated corrections-focused public health staff, improving cross-agency outbreak response coordination, implementing and developing corrections-specific public health guidance, and establishing collaborative data systems. The preexisting partnerships and trust between WADOC and WADOH, strengthened during the COVID-19 response, laid the foundation for a collaborative response during late 2021 to the largest tuberculosis outbreak in Washington State in the past 20 years. We describe challenges of a multiagency collaboration during 2 outbreak responses, as well as approaches to address those challenges, and share lessons learned for future communicable disease outbreak responses in correctional settings. |
Tuberculosis Outbreak in a State Prison System - Washington, 2021-2022.
Stalter RM , Pecha M , Dov L , Miller D , Ghazal Z , Wortham J , Althomsons S , Deutsch-Feldman M , Stewart R , Felix D , Hsu S , Strick LB . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 72 (12) 309-312 During 2014-2020, no tuberculosis (TB) cases were reported within the Washington state prison system. However, during July 2021-June 2022, 25 TB cases were reported among persons incarcerated or formerly incarcerated in two Washington state prisons. Phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequencing data indicated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all 11 patients with culture-confirmed TB were closely related, suggesting that these cases represented a single outbreak. The median infectious period for 12 patients who were considered likely contagious was 170 days. As of November 15, 2022, the Washington State Department of Corrections (WADOC) and Washington State Department of Health (WADOH), with technical assistance from CDC, had identified 3,075 contacts among incarcerated residents and staff members at five state prisons, and 244 contacts without a known TB history received a diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI). Persons who were evaluated for TB disease were isolated; those receiving a diagnosis of TB then initiated antituberculosis therapy. Persons with LTBI were offered treatment to prevent progression to TB disease. This ongoing TB outbreak is the largest in Washington in 20 years. Suspension of annual TB screening while limited resources were redirected toward the COVID-19 response resulted in delayed case detection that facilitated TB transmission. In addition, fear of isolation might discourage residents and staff members from reporting symptoms, which likely also leads to delayed TB diagnoses. Continued close collaboration between WADOC and WADOH is needed to end this outbreak and prevent future outbreaks. |
Incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among African women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device, or a levonorgestrel implant for contraception: a nested randomized trial
Mugo NR , Stalter RM , Heffron R , Rees H , Scoville CW , Morrison C , Kourtis AP , Bukusi E , Beksinka M , Philip NM , Beesham I , Deese J , Edward V , Donnell D , Baeten JM . Clin Infect Dis 2021 75 (4) 586-595 BACKGROUND: Globally, women have higher herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) prevalence than men; data from observational studies suggest a possible association of HSV-2 acquisition with use of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM). METHODS: Within a randomized trial of the effect of three contraceptive methods - DMPA-IM, a copper intrauterine device (IUD), and a levonorgestrel (LNG) implant - on HIV acquisition, we assessed HSV-2 acquisition. HSV-2 and HIV seronegative women, aged 16-35 years, and seeking effective contraception were followed for 12-18 months at 12 sites in Eswatini, Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia from 2015-2018. HSV-2 serologic testing was done at enrollment and final study visits. Intention-to-treat analysis using Poisson regression with robust standard errors compared HSV-2 incidence by contraceptive method. FINDINGS: At baseline, 4062 randomized women were HSV-2 seronegative, of whom 3898 (96.0%) had a conclusive HSV-2 result at their final study visit. Of these, 614 (15.8%) acquired HSV-2, at an incidence of 12.4/100 person-years (p-y): 10.9/100 p-y among women assigned DMPA-IM, 13.7/100 p-y the copper IUD, and 12.7/100 p-y the LNG implant. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for HSV-2 acquisition were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.97) for DMPA-IM compared with copper IUD, 0.86 (95% CI 0.71-1.05) for DMPA-IM compared with LNG implant, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.89-1.30) for copper IUD compared with LNG implant. HSV-2 acquisition risk was significantly increased among women who also acquired HIV during follow-up (IRR 3.55, 95% CI 2.78-4.48). INTERPRETATION: In a randomized trial, we found no association between HSV-2 acquisition and use of three contraceptive methods. |
A pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic evaluation of contraceptive implants and antiretroviral therapy among women in Kenya and Uganda.
Patel RC , Stalter RM , Thomas KK , Tamraz B , Blue SW , Erikson DW , Kim CJ , Kelley EJ , Nanda K , Kourtis AP , Lingappa JR , Mugo N , Baeten JM , Scarsi KK . AIDS 2019 33 (13) 1995-2004 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of contraceptive implant progestin concentrations in HIV-positive women initiating efavirenz- or nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: We analyzed stored samples from women self-reporting implant use in the Partners PrEP Study. METHODS: Plasma samples collected every six months were analyzed for levonorgestrel and etonogestrel concentrations. Progestin concentrations from samples collected after ART initiation were compared to pre-ART concentrations for intraindividual comparisons. We used adjusted linear mixed models to compare hormone concentrations between individuals on efavirenz and nevirapine to a no ART group. We then evaluated whether possessing certain alleles with known or possible influences on efavirenz, nevirapine, or progestin metabolism were associated with changes in progestin concentrations or modified the association between ART use and progestin concentrations. RESULTS: Our analysis included 11 women who initiated efavirenz, 13 who initiated nevirapine, and 36 who remained ART-naive. In the efavirenz group, the adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) of levonorgestrel was 0.39 (90% confidence intervals (0.31, 0.49); p < 0.001) and the etonogestrel aGMR was 0.51 (0.34, 0.76); p = 0.006) compared to the control group. No difference was observed in the nevirapine group compared to controls (levonorgestrel 0.93 (0.74, 1.18); p = 0.64; etonogestrel 1.07 (0.77, 1.50); p = 0.73). Possession of four allele variants were found to result in further reductions in progestin concentrations among those receiving efavirenz. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant use of efavirenz significantly reduces levonorgestrel or etonogestrel concentrations by 61% and 49%, respectively, compared to no ART use. We also report allelic variants in hepatic enzymes that influenced the extent of the observed drug-interaction between progestins and efavirenz. |
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